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The Honkers Legacy: How China's Patriotic Hackers Forged a Cyber Espionage Empire

The Honkers Legacy: How China's Patriotic Hackers Forged a Cyber Espionage Empire

In the 1990s, China's 'Honkers' emerged as patriotic hackers defending national pride through crude cyberattacks. Today, they form the backbone of elite state-sponsored groups like APT 41, developing tools such as PlugX and ShadowPad that power China's global espionage campaigns. This deep dive uncovers their transformation from idealistic youths to indispensable assets in Beijing's cyber warfare arsenal.