Overview
WSNs consist of hundreds or thousands of 'nodes,' each equipped with sensors, a radio transceiver, and a power source (usually a battery). These nodes work together to monitor large areas.
Key Characteristics
- Self-Organization: Nodes automatically form a network and find paths to the 'sink' (the central collector).
- Energy Efficiency: The most critical design factor, as nodes are often impossible to recharge.
- Fault Tolerance: The network should continue to function even if some nodes fail.
Applications
- Environmental monitoring (forest fire detection, air quality).
- Structural health monitoring (bridges, buildings).
- Military surveillance.