O

OAuth 2.0

An industry-standard protocol for authorization that allows applications to obtain limited access to user accounts via secure tokens.

security

Object Detection

A computer vision task that involves identifying the presence, location, and type of objects within an image or video.

ai

Object-Oriented Programming(OOP)

A programming paradigm based on the concept of 'objects', which can contain data in the form of fields and code in the form of procedures.

dev

Object Storage

A data storage architecture that manages data as objects, ideal for unstructured data.

cloud

Object Storage Bucket

A logical container used to store objects (data and metadata) in an object storage service.

cloud

Observability

The ability to measure the internal state of a system by examining its external outputs, specifically metrics, logs, and traces.

cloud

Observer Pattern

A behavioral design pattern that lets you define a subscription mechanism to notify multiple objects about any events that happen to the object they're observing.

dev

Off-chain Governance

A governance process where decisions are made through informal discussions and community consensus outside of the blockchain's protocol.

web

Offline-First Design

An approach to web development where the application is designed to function without an internet connection by default.

web

OLAP(OLAP)

A category of software that allows users to analyze information from multiple database systems at the same time.

ai

OLTP(OLTP)

A class of software programs capable of supporting transaction-oriented applications on the internet.

ai

On-call Rotation

A schedule that assigns specific team members to be responsible for responding to incidents outside of normal business hours.

dev

On-chain Governance

A governance system where proposed changes to a blockchain are voted on by stakeholders and automatically implemented via code.

web

One-Hot Encoding

A process of converting categorical variables into a binary vector representation.

ai

One-shot Learning

A machine learning task where the model is required to learn information about a category from only one training example.

ai

OPA(OPA)

Open Policy Agent (OPA) is an open-source, general-purpose policy engine that enables unified, context-aware policy enforcement across the entire stack.

dev

OpenFaaS

An open-source framework for building serverless functions on top of containers (Kubernetes or Docker Swarm).

cloud

OpenFlow

A communications protocol that gives access to the forwarding plane of a network switch or router over the network.

network

Open RAN(O-RAN)

A movement to create a more open, intelligent, and fully interoperable Radio Access Network (RAN).

network

Open Source

Software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, enhance, and distribute.

dev

OpenStack

An open-source software platform for cloud computing, mostly deployed as infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS).

cloud

OpenTelemetry(OTel)

A collection of tools, APIs, and SDKs used to instrument, generate, collect, and export telemetry data (metrics, logs, and traces).

cloud

Optimistic Rollup

A Layer 2 scaling solution that assumes transactions are valid by default and only performs verification if a challenge is raised.

web

Optimizer

An algorithm or method used to change the attributes of a neural network, such as weights and learning rate, to reduce the loss.

ai

Oracle (Blockchain)

A service that provides external, real-world data to smart contracts on a blockchain.

web

Oracle Database

A multi-model database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.

ai

OSI Model(OSI)

A conceptual framework used to understand and standardize the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven abstraction layers.

network

OSINT (Open Source Intelligence)(OSINT)

The practice of collecting and analyzing information from publicly available sources for intelligence purposes.

security

OSPF(OSPF)

A widely used link-state routing protocol designed for large enterprise networks.

network

Outlier Detection

The identification of rare items, events or observations which raise suspicions by differing significantly from the majority of the data.

ai

Out-of-Order Execution(OoOE)

A paradigm where a processor executes instructions in the order they become available rather than their original program order.

hardware

Overclocking

The practice of increasing a component's clock speed beyond its factory-rated specifications to achieve higher performance.

hardware

Overfitting

A modeling error that occurs when an AI model learns the training data too well, leading to poor performance on new data.

ai

Overheating

A condition where a computer component exceeds its safe operating temperature.

hardware

Over-sampling

A technique used to adjust the class distribution of a data set by increasing the number of instances in the minority class.

ai

OWASP Top 10

A regularly updated report outlining the ten most critical web application security risks.

security